Middle ages test

Today we took our last test ever in Mr. Schick's western civ class YYYAAAASSSSSSSS :) We only had like a 20 minute class because of senior awards so all we did was take the test and then he graded them but I didn't want to know what I got because I don't think I did very well but serves you right because who gives a test 2 school days before exams????????? You cray.

Middle ages review

• 476-1453 AD Middle Ages
• They followed their heritage after Rome and their costumes after Germanic tribes
• 5th century Germans invade the western half of the Roman empire causing a disruption of trade, the downfall of cities, and population shifts to rural areas
• decline in learning
• warriors were loyal to their lord
• Clovis rules the Franks 
• 496- battle field conversion- 3,000 of his warriors became Christian
• 511- Franks are united under one kingdom with Clovis and the church working as partners 
• 520- Benedict writes rules for monks 
• vows of poverty 
• chastity
• obedience 
• Scholastica wrote rules for nuns
• Bede wrote the history of England
• Government based around the church- theocracy 
• Europe is made up of smaller kingdoms 
• Charles Martels son- Pepin the Short 
• son #2- Charles known as Charlemagne or Charles the Great 
• 6 foot 4 
• most powerful king in western EUROPE 
• kept a close watch on the huge estates 
• Louis the Pious' 3 sons- Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German split up the kingdom into 3 sections at the treaty of Verdun in 843 AD  

Middle Ages notesssssssssssssssss

Middle Ages- 476-1453 AD
476- when Romulus Augustus was told to step down as emperor
This new society has roots in:
- classical heritage of Rome
- beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
- customs of various Germanic tribes

5th century Germanic invaders overrun the western half of the Roman Empire causing:
- disruption of trade
- downfall of cities
- population shifts to rural areas

Charles the Hammer
- defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732
- if he hadn't won, western Europe could have become a part of the Muslim Empire

Charlemagne
- 6 foot 4
- fought Germanic tribes
- spread Christianity
- encouraged learning
- gave power to lower class

Treaty of Verdun (843 AD)- Louis the Pious has three sons who couldn't agree on who was next in line for the throne. They solved their disagreement by splitting the kingdom three ways.

Middle Ages again and stories

Today we talked about Christianity in the Middle ages and then Mr. Schick got all distracted and told us stories about his child hood. Well anyway here's some notes

EXAM Q:
Describe how Christianity evolved from a cult into the worlds largest religion.

•  A European Empire Evolves
• Franks control the largest European kingdom 
• Te Roman province formerly known as Gaul
• Ruled by Clovis- the Merovinian Dynasty 
• Mayor domo - mayor of the palace- ruled the kingdom
• Charles Martel- Charles the Hammer
• Extended the Franks reign to the north, south, and east

There was more on this slide but I didn't have time to write it downnnnnn

Middle Ages

Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemange
-Charlemange spread Chirstian civilization throughout northern Europe
Middle ages- medieval period (500-1500 AC)

• Invasions trigger change in western Europe
• Invasions and constant war sparks new trend 
• disruption of trade
• Europe's cities are no longer economic 
• Money is scarce
• Downfall of cities
• Cities are no longer centers of administration 
• Population shifts
• Nobles retreat to the rural areas
• Cities don't have strong leadership 
• Decline in learning 
• Germanic invaders are illiterate but they communicate through oral tradition 
• Only church officials could read and write 
• Knowledge of Greek, literature, science and philosophy are almost lost 
• Loss of a common language 
• Dialects develope in different regions 
• By the 800's, French, Spanish, and other Roman-based languages are evolving from Latin 
• Germanic kingdoms emerge 
• The concept of government changes 
• Roman society: loyal to the public government 
• Germanic society: loyal to family
• Germanic cheif led warriors 
• During peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, and a place to live (lord's hall)
• During wartime, warrioirs fought for the lord (not the king)
• ""The king? Who's that? You want to collect taxes from me?" 
• Franks lived in the Roman providence of Gaul- their leader was Clovis
• The Franks under Clovis 
• Another battlefield conversion 
• Clovis and 300 of his warriors are baptised by the bishops 
• The church in Rome approve of this alliance 
• Clovis and the church work together 
• Germanic people adopt Christianity 
• 511 AD- Clovis unites the Franks into one kingdom 
• 600 AD- Church + Frankish rulers convert many 
• Fear of Muslims in southern Europe spur many to become Christian 
• Monasteries and convents
• 520 AD- Benedict wrote the rules for monks and monasteries 
• Poverty, chastity, obedience and study 
• His sister Scholastica did the same for nuns in convents
• 731 AD- the Venerable Bede wrote the history of England 
• Monks opened schools, maintained libraries, and copied books
• (Pop) Gregory I expands papal power 
• Papacy= pope's office
• Secular power= worldly power 
• The church can use its money to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor
• Gregory the Great began to act as Mayor of Rome and as head of an earthly kingdom (Christendom) 

Rome's Decline

Diocletian

• Ruled from 284-303
• It was cool to persecute Christians
• Rome needs a big army (400,000)
• Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials)

Constantine

• Rules from 306-337
• It was cool to be a Xian
• Conversion to Christianity b/c he saw a cross in the sky
• 313- His Edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship
• Built a new capital in the East
• Byzantium- soon to be known as Constantinople  

Life in 4th Century

• Country dwellers are bankrupt due to taxes
• Farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms
• Peasant can avoid paying taxes, but are getting hit just as hard by the landlords
• Paying off debts by working for a patrician in exchange for endless back-breaking work
• Landowners were counts and bishops having more power than the faraway empire
• Foreshadowing feudalism 

Yet another test on Rome

YAYYAYAAYAYYAYAY SO WE ARE FINALLLYYYYYYYYYY DONE WITH ROME <3333333
We took out last test on it today, until exams anyway, and we are starting the Middle Ages. Even though it's probably going to be super boring, I'll take anything over Rome. So anyway, here's some notes from pg. 151

Chronology
Fifth century: Angles and Saxons invade Britain
486: Clovis leads Frankish confederacy against Romans and rival Germanic invaders in Gaul
527-565: Reign of Emperor Justinian in the eastern Empire
542: plague hits Egypt, then spreads throughout the Mediterranean area and much of western Europe
568: Lombard conquer most of northern Italy
570-632- Life of Muhammad
595- Missionaries sent by the pope begin to convert the pagans of England
711- Muslim invasion of Spain
800- Slavs occupy almost all of Eastern Europe

Free moddd

Today in Western Civ we did nothing. We're having a test on Rome tomorrow. Um yeah ok bye

PG 123 Notes

200 AD

•  the Germanic barbarians in north Europe got richer and a stronger army
• they became such a threat to Rome that emperors had to build up the army with central government and ruling as monarchs.
• during this time Christianity began to grow and spread 
• it became more and more tolerated by officials 
• eventually it became Rome's official and majority religion 

Rome Testtttt

Todayyyyyy we took a test on Romeeeeeeee. I got an 85 soooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo yah, that's all we did. When we finished we were allowed to work on another subject and I did English homework. Then Mr. Schick graded the tests and told us the grades. Then he told us a story about college.

**REVIEW**

Three groups of people dominated early Rome- Etruscan, Latins, Greeks
Last Etruscan king -Tarqin the proud 534-510
After Tarquin, the gov becomes a republic res publica (the peoples' business)

patrician- upper class, landowning, powerful
plebeian- farmers, common people
senate-group of 300 people appointed for life by the consuls who advise the consuls
consuls- two people who are the head of the government and the military, they vetoed each others' laws. had one year terms
tribunes- leaders of the plebeian assembly; at first they were powerless and gained ground over the years
the twelve tables- marked the first time laws were written down in Rome. Protected plebs from getting pushed around by patricians and getting arrested for things they didn't know were illegal
publicly displayed in the forum

The Roman Republic serves as a model for the Constitution of the US and its separation of powers 
Senate/Assemblies-US Senate/House of Reps
Consuls/Dictator- President 
Senate could act like judges- like the Supreme Court 

Only the rich could serve in the Senate b/c they weren't paid but worked their way up from low-ranking magistrates to higher ones. They spend a lot to look good, popular, and powerful, making them electable. Plebs couldn't afford that.

The forum- Romes political center was built between 600 and 500 BC
Paterfamilias- the head of the Roman family.

Caesar Augustus was the first emperor
Caligula- Germanic's' son, Tiberius' adopted grandson, next in line for emperor. He made gov spending a matter of public record and gave the people the right of speech. He got sex crazy. The senate killed him
Claudius- had disabilities (limp, slight deafness, speech impediment- cerebral palsy or polio) Had his wife and her lover killed.

Rome Review

Caesar Augustus- first emperor
Pax Romana- a period of peace
Jesus
-was a Roman citizen
-Jewish
-started his ministry at the age of 30 (AD 31-33)

Caligula
-Tiberus' adopted grandson
-in the Caesar bloodline
-gave people freedom of speech
-made government spending a matter of public record
-fights with the senate
-declares himself a god and put statues in Jewish temples
-he went psycho- slept around and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, tried to make his horse a consul
-was killed at the age of 28

Claudius
-probably had cerebral palsy or polio
-last adult male in Caesars' family
-ostracized by his family
-conquered Britain
-His wife was planning to kill him and give power to her lover

66 AD a group of Jews called Zealots tried to rebel- Roman troop burned their temple down except for one wall (Western Wall) 1/2 a million Jews died in the rebellion

At this point, Christianity was viewed as a cult because they had to worship in secret. If caught, they were often executed

Stupid notes on stupid Rome

Assassination and another Caesar 

• In 44 BC Caesar was voted dictator for life
• To the senate, Caesar was a tyrant so on the ides of March (March 15) 44 BC they stabbed Caesar to death
• Mark Antony, Brutus, Cassius, and Octavian took over: they divided the land between them, Octavian in Rome, Lepidus in North Africa, Mark Antony in Alexandria 
• Antony had an affair with Queen Cleopatra making him unpopular in Rome 
• Octavian pushed Lepidus out of power 
• In 31 BC Octavian and Antony went to war and within a year after being defeated, Antony and Cleopatra had both committed suicide
• Octavian became supreme warlord

The Rule of the Emperors 

• Octavian went under a new title: Augustus

The First Citizen

• Princeps- "first citizen" a name given to prominent leaders who were considered indispensable to the republic 
• In 27 BC Augustus made an arrangement with the senate where he was confirmed commander in chief, and in return he granted them supervision of Italy, Rome, and provinces where there were no stationed armed forces 
• He killed his opponents among the senate and replaced them with allies 
• The people's assembly had lost power to elect or make laws 

The Divine Being 

• Greek cities began building shrines in his honor, worshiping Augustus as a God-sent human
• When he died, the senate declared him to be a Divine Being like they did with Caesar
• Augustus acquired the title "Father of the Fatherland"
• Passed laws against: 
• adultery by women 
• both men and women who failed to marry
• exempted mothers of more than three children from needing guardianship 

Reform, Reconstruction, and the End of Expansion 

• Augustus began a series of reforms:
• He brought the system of government elections under his personal control
• He kept control over the affairs of the empire as a whole
• He reorganized the army to ensure the soldiers' loyalty. With the addition of Mark Antony's troops, Augustus had a combined army of 600,000- impossible to pay for and keep under control, so he cut the troops in half and paid the men he discharged with land and money
• By the end of his rule, all of the soldiers were volunteers